Silver Supply & Inventory
Track annual silver demand, supply deficits, and how much current visible inventory exists to cover them.
Annual supply-demand data shows how much silver the world produces and consumes each year. Visible inventory data shows how much silver sits in tracked vaults. This page combines annual silver flows with the visible stock cushion behind the market.
Market Insight
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→ Browse physical silver coins and barsSilver Demand vs Visible Inventory
Annual demand is a flow measure. Inventory is a stock measure. Comparing demand with visible inventories shows how large annual silver consumption is relative to tracked vault stocks.
Silver Supply Deficit vs Inventory
The annual deficit is not an immediate shortage, but persistent deficits must be absorbed by above-ground stocks. Comparing deficit size with visible inventory buckets shows how much tracked cushion remains.
Total Visible Silver Inventories
All identified silver held in major tracked vault systems. Total visible inventory is broader than available visible inventory; it includes metal allocated to ETFs, private owners, or non-registered vault categories.
Available Visible Silver Inventories
An estimate of silver more relevant to potential delivery or industrial availability. Excludes ETF-allocated metal and non-registered COMEX eligible stocks. This is not a guarantee of availability; it is a stricter estimate of what could potentially be sourced from tracked vaults.
Is Silver in a Supply Deficit?
Yes. According to World Silver Survey 2026 data, silver demand has exceeded supply every year since 2021. The shortfall must be met from existing above-ground stocks, including exchange inventories, ETF holdings, and private stockpiles. A deficit does not mean silver is about to run out, but persistent deficits gradually reduce available metal and can increase the market's sensitivity to demand shocks or inventory drawdowns.
How Big Is the Silver Supply Deficit?
The 2026F deficit of 46.3 Moz represents 4.2% of total annual demand. That is relatively small compared with total demand, but more meaningful when compared with narrower visible inventory categories such as COMEX registered stocks or the estimated LBMA free float.
Annual Silver Supply Deficit Data
| Year | Supply | Demand | Balance | Bal. less ETPs | Cum. Deficit | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 1024.7 | 971.5 | +53.3 | 46.1 | — | $17.05 |
| 2018 | 1014.7 | 999.7 | +15.0 | 36.4 | — | $15.71 |
| 2019 | 1016.9 | 1005.8 | +11.1 | -72.2 | — | $16.21 |
| 2020 | 981.6 | 929.0 | +52.5 | -278.6 | — | $20.55 |
| 2021 | 1018.7 | 1102.4 | -83.7 | -148.7 | -83.7 | $25.14 |
| 2022 | 1030.1 | 1284.1 | -254.0 | -136.6 | -337.7 | $21.73 |
| 2023 | 997.0 | 1197.0 | -200.1 | -162.7 | -537.8 | $23.35 |
| 2024 | 1019.6 | 1157.4 | -137.9 | -205.4 | -675.7 | $28.27 |
| 2025 | 1090.4 | 1130.6 | -40.3 | -318.4 | -716.0 | $40.03 |
| 2026F | 1066.4 | 1112.6 | -46.3 | -76.3 | -762.3 | — |
What Is Driving Silver Demand?
Industrial demand is the largest source of silver consumption. Solar photovoltaics have become one of the fastest-growing categories, while electronics, brazing alloys, jewelry, and investment demand also compete for annual supply.
Why Silver Supply Has Not Kept Up
Silver mine production has been broadly range-bound for nearly a decade, while recycling has not grown enough to offset rising industrial and investment demand. Because silver is predominantly mined as a byproduct of lead, zinc, copper, and gold, its supply does not respond quickly to higher silver prices.
Does a Silver Supply Deficit Mean Silver Prices Will Rise?
A silver supply deficit does not mechanically determine the silver price. Prices are also affected by interest rates, the US dollar, futures positioning, investment demand, ETF flows, and macro sentiment. However, persistent deficits can reduce above-ground stock cushions and make the market more sensitive to new demand or inventory drawdowns.
Visible inventories are limited. Deficits draw on above-ground stocks. Registered silver is much smaller than total vaulted silver. If investment or industrial demand rises while inventories are already constrained, price sensitivity may increase. But deficits alone do not guarantee higher prices.
Silver Supply Deficit FAQ
Is silver in a supply deficit?
Yes. According to World Silver Survey 2026 data, silver demand has exceeded supply since 2021 (6 consecutive years). The 2026F market balance is -46.3 Moz (forecast).
How large is the silver supply deficit?
The latest annual deficit is 46.3 Moz in 2026F. The cumulative deficit since 2021 totals 762.3 Moz. This represents 4.2% of annual demand and 12.7% of available visible inventories.
How many years has silver been in deficit?
Silver has been in a supply deficit for 6 consecutive years (2021 through 2026F). Prior to 2021, the market generally showed small surpluses or near-balanced conditions.
What is the difference between silver supply and silver inventory?
Silver supply is annual new production (mine output plus recycling). Silver inventory is the stock of metal held in warehouses at a point in time. Supply is a flow measured per year; inventory is a stock measured at a date. When supply does not meet demand, the deficit draws down inventory.
What is visible silver inventory?
Visible inventory is silver reported in exchange-approved warehouses and vault systems, primarily COMEX (daily) and LBMA London vaults (monthly). It does not include privately held silver, government stockpiles, or silver in consumer products.
What is available visible silver inventory?
Available visible inventory is a stricter estimate that includes only COMEX registered silver (deliverable against futures), our estimate of LBMA free float (London vault total minus ETF-allocated silver), and China exchange warehouse stocks. It excludes ETF-held metal and non-registered COMEX eligible silver.
Why is silver demand higher than supply?
Industrial demand has grown rapidly, driven by solar photovoltaics, electrification, and electronics. Physical investment demand (coins, bars) has also remained elevated. Meanwhile, mine production has been range-bound because silver is mostly produced as a byproduct of base metals, limiting supply responsiveness to higher prices.
Can recycling fix the silver supply deficit?
Recycling provides roughly 15-20% of annual supply, primarily from industrial scrap and old silverware. While recycling can increase at higher prices, it has historically not grown fast enough to offset the demand increase. Many silver end-uses (electronics, solar cells) use very thin layers that are economically difficult to recover.
Does the silver supply deficit mean silver prices will rise?
Not necessarily. Persistent deficits reduce above-ground stocks and can tighten physical availability, but silver prices are also influenced by interest rates, the US dollar, futures positioning, and investment sentiment. A deficit is one factor among many that can increase price sensitivity over time.
Why does COMEX registered silver matter?
Registered silver is the portion of COMEX warehouse inventory with an active warehouse warrant, immediately available for delivery against futures contracts. It is a subset of total COMEX inventory and represents the most immediately deliverable pool of exchange silver.
Are LBMA vault holdings available for sale?
Not all LBMA vault silver is freely available. A significant portion is allocated to ETF shareholders and would only become available through fund redemptions. The remainder may include allocated holdings by banks, institutions, and private owners.
Sources
Annual Silver Supply & Demand Data
World Silver Survey 2026, The Silver Institute / Metals Focus. Download PDF | Silver Institute website
Vault & Inventory Data
- COMEX: Daily warehouse stock reports, CME Group
- LBMA: LBMA London Vault Data
- ETF/ETC: iShares (BlackRock), WisdomTree, abrdn, Sprott factsheets and bar lists
- China: Shanghai Futures Exchange (SHFE), Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE)
Important caveats:
- Annual supply/demand data is flow data. Vault inventory data is stock data.
- Visible inventories do not equal all above-ground silver.
- Not all visible silver is available for delivery or industrial use.
- ETF-allocated metal should not be treated as free float.
- COMEX eligible is not the same as COMEX registered.
- LBMA free float is an estimate based on subtracting known ETF holdings from total vault data.
- Forecast data may be revised as actual data becomes available.
- Supply deficits do not automatically determine the silver price.
